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Basic Laws Of Electronics

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Thanks to the physical laws of electronics, circuit analysis is very procedural. This is the second entry in a tutorial in basic electronics. The first entry covered basic electronic concepts such as voltage, current, and power. This session will cover Ohm’s Law, and Kirchhoff’s Laws of voltage and current. These are the fundamental laws needed for circuit analysis and design.

Resistors and Ohm’s Law
Georg Simon Ohm was a German physicist that in 1826 experimentally determined most basic laws that relate to voltage and current for a resistor.

Ohm’s law basically states that the resistance of a component (commonly a resistor) is equal to the voltage dropped over the resistor divided by the current going through it.

This law makes it relatively easy to find one of three values: voltage across a resistance, the resistance value itself, or the current flowing through the resistance (as long as the other two values are known).

Nodes, Branches, and Loops
These three concepts must be understood for basic circuit analysis. They help determine if components are in series or parallel and if the components share the same current or have the same voltage drops.

A branch represents a single circuit component such as a resistor or voltage source.

A node is a point where two or more branches connect.

A loop is any closed path in a circuit.

Elements are in series if they exclusively share a single node. Elements that are in series share the same current.

Elements are in parallel if they are connected to the same two nodes. Elements in parallel have the same voltage across them.

Kirchhoff’s Laws
The first of Kirchhoff’s Laws is Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL). This law states that the sum of all current entering a node or enclosed area of a circuit is equal to zero. Simply put, current entering a node or area equals the current leaving the node or area.

The second of Kirchhoff’s Laws is Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL). This law states that the sum of all voltages around a closed path or loop is equal to zero. Simply put, the sum of voltage drops equals the sum of voltage rises.

This is found by following the loop in one direction (the direction does not matter). If the positive terminal is hit first, the voltage is added. If the negative terminal is hit first, the voltage is subtracted. Together these values will equal zero.

Once all of the voltages are found, we can start the loop anywhere we want. I find it convenient to start at the negative terminal of a main voltage source. Since we hit a negative terminal first, we subtract it. Now we simply finish the loop and add the voltages together.

This law comes in very handy for analysis.

Basic DC Analysis
By combining Kirchhoff’s voltage and current laws, basic DC circuits are relatively easy to analyze. Knowing that all voltages in a loop add up to zero and all currents entering a node, minus currents leaving a node also equals zero, most current and voltage values can be easily obtained.

If a loop contains one voltage source and multiple resistances, voltage division (eq. 1) should be used to find the value of voltage drops across the known resistances. Once the voltage across the known resistance is found, Ohm’s law (eq. 2) can be used to determine the current flowing through the resistance.

Eq.1 Voltage Division:
((voltage source in volts) (resistor of interest in ohms))/(sum of resistance in loop)

Eq.2 Ohm’s Law:
(voltage across a resistance) = (known resistance)(current flowing through resistance)

Keep in mind that resistors in series can be added to give total resistance between two nodes. The total resistance between two nodes that have resistors in parallel is found using eq. 3 below.

Eq. 3 Equivalent Resistance (Req) of Resistors in parallel:
Req = ((resistance in branch 1)(resistance in branch 2)) / (sum of resistances in both branches)

There is much more to be said about DC circuit analysis but most would go beyond the scope of this article. The purpose of this article is to give a basic understanding of the laws and concepts of basic electronics.

Other concepts that make DC circuit analysis easier are current division, mesh analysis, and nodal analysis. These techniques use the rules behind KVL, KCL, and Ohm’s Law but would require a visual example for thorough explanation.

I hope that this short tutorial has been helpful to anyone who is new to the world of electronics either as a hobbyist or as a technician trying to learn electronics repair.

Buy Electronics In Kuwait From Wide Product Range

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Ubuy is well reputed ecommerce website. We have wide range of products online. We deal with worldwide manufacturer. Get favorite products by just 1 click and get delivery fast. Our products are categorized effectively so, you can easily get your product very fast. You can make money from us by selling your products via our website. You can also advertise your products at best price. You need to send us your queries and your requirements on our website. Best deal is waiting for you. We are fast budding company among our customers. Our online purchase is quick and easy for everyone. You dont need to be a computer professional to order products online from our website. We are channel where thousands of buyers and sellers deals every day. Our aim is to provide hassle free shopping experience. When you do Shopping in Kuwait Online from Ubuy your transaction is more secured with our encrypted payment system.

We offers a quick and easy online purchasing process in addition to offering all of our clients a dedicated and knowledgeable customer service team, let people easily buy and sell in global markets is our goal. If you find any problem during shopping you can call us any time. Our customer care is available 24 x 7 for you. Our experienced team is scattered everywhere in the Middle East so, you get fast delivery. Our major products categories are Mobiles, Electronics, Tablets, watches, laptop, notebooks, TV, printer, scanner, fax, clothes, shoes, health, beauty, sports, motor bike accessories, GPS, radar, fish finder, home appliances like kitchen products, iron, vacuum cleaner, water purifier, tolls and home improvements like power and hand tools, luggage and bags etc. You will get same warrantee period given by manufacturer. Visit our website and Buy Online Mobiles in Kuwait.

Buy Electronics Online and get admirable benefits from Ubuy online store. Our various electronics categories are Computers, business solutions, games, movies, speakers, telephones, dictionary, pilot shops and many more. It is our guarantee that you will not get lower cost than us. Our major Buyers are from Middle East. Electronics in Kuwait has fast growing market. We deal directly with manufacturer so, you dont need to waste more money like you do in local retail market. Electronics segment is most updated with latest trend and technologies. Whatever the new technology or products come you will definitely find here first.

Our men watch and women watch have wide range with unique style. We are dealing with various watch manufacturers like Casio, iWatch, Omer etc. We have categorized these watches in price band also. So, users can easily select their brands as per their budget. Buy Online Watches in Kuwait and looks better than what you are. Our ladies watch collection is fabulous. You can get various watch colors like red, pink, blue, black etc. These various colors help you to wear particular watch according to your outfit. We deal with authorized dealer. They also give us special offers and we share these benefits with our customers. By this way you can save more than 20%.

To do online shopping you need to register yourself with us. You can follow us on twitter and Facebook for latest deals regarding Online Shopping in Kuwait.

Why Is Bluetooth Needed

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One of the most outstanding features in information age is the convenient and fast dissemination of information. Under this circumstance, technicians are working hard to develop a more excellent method to spread information.
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Bluetooth is more than a single technology for mobile phones or even the entire IT industry, but also an advanced concept. The whole world startled the moment the Bluetooth union promises us a bright future. Cast aside the shackles of the traditional connection, enjoy the unrestrained fun thoroughly, Bluetooth `s promise do cheer us up.
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Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks. It was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.
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From the above definition of Bluetooth we get a brief understanding of what Bluetooth is. We also know that Bluetooth is widely used in lots of devices, such as computer, mobile phone, or even game accessories.
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When you pay a visit to a consumer electronics online store, you will find out that a large amount of electronics gadgets are advertised with Bluetooth which attract consumers attention immediately. Why Bluetooth is is so well-received that almost everyone wants own a device at least with a Bluetooth technology?
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Four aspects are account for our doubts.
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1, global

Bluetooth wireless technology is free for all member companies around the world which means we have no need to pay extra fee for it. Manufacturers in many fields apply Bluetooth in their products to reduce the use of messy wires, realize wireless connection, stream stereo and transmit data. And, Bluetooth in mobiles phones set a successful example for the world industry.
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2, wide range

Bluetooth technology is applied unprecedented in a wide range from mobile phones, cars devices to computer accessories. and the users are varied from common consumer, industrial market to the enterprise and so on. Its advantages including low power consumption, small size and low-cost price enables Bluetooth applied even to the tiniest devices.
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3, usage

As an instant technology, Bluetooth is easy to install and set up without the necessity of a fixed facility, so does the non-cable connection.
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4, universal specifications

Bluetooth wireless technology is no doubt the hottest one for its wide range and multifunction as well as secure wireless standard. Its universal specifications restrict all their products correspond to the standard.

Splurging Global Consumer Electronics Market

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The global consumer electronics market has witnessed rapid strides over the years. The market boasts of rapid expansion and is home to a wide array of products ranging from TVs, telecom equipments, home appliances, audio and video products and others. With the advent of globalization, the sales of consumer electronics products have risen, fostered by the diffusion of global boundaries. According to RNCOS latest report, Global Consumer Electronics Market Outlook 2015, the global consumer electronics market is expected to grow at a CAGR of more than 10% during 2012-2015.

The propelling global consumer electronics market is backed by factors like rapid technological development, a shift from analog to digital revolution, changing consumer preferences initiating innovation and rampant product developments on the part of the manufacturers pestering them to incorporate extensive marketing & distribution strategies, which have helped products like smartphones, tablets and selected High Definition (HD) products amongst some to outpace others on a global platform. These factors have also enabled countries like China to garner a majority share in the global consumer electronics market with fuelling market sales of the products like tablets and smartphones.

The report, Global Consumer Electronics Market Outlook 2015, authored to evaluate the global consumer electronics market thoroughly, provides a detailed analysis of the industry. It provides an insight into the consumer electronics market of major countries with a brief snapshot of their major players. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of various products on a global level. These products are further divided into sub segments to strengthen the analysis. Further, the report sheds light on the key trends and challenges affecting the market. Emphasis has also been laid on the assessment of key players along with their recent developments, to get a clearer picture of the market.

For FREE SAMPLE of this report visit: http://www.rncos.com/Report/IM471.htm

Some of our Related Reports are:

– Global Semiconductor Market Forecast to 2015 (http://www.rncos.com/Report/IM391.htm)
– Global Consumer Electronics Market Forecast to 2013 (http://www.rncos.com/Report/IM260.htm)
– Booming Consumer Electronics Market in India (http://www.rncos.com/Report/IM157.htm)

Check Related REPORTS on: http://www.rncos.com/Computer%20&%20electronics.htm

About RNCOS

RNCOS specializes in Industry intelligence and creative solutions for contemporary business segments. Our professionals analyze the industry and its various components, with a comprehensive study of the changing market behavior. Our accuracy and data precision proves beneficial in terms of pricing and time management that assist the intending consultants in meeting their objectives in a cost-effective and timely manner.

Buying Electronics By Online Shopping

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Many people wonder if shopping online is the place to buy electronic items, both large and small. The answer is quite simple – yes – you will get the best prices for both small and large electronic products through this type of shopping.

A recent research study was done which asked nearly 20000 people where they believed they could get the best service and price when buying electronics. The results were overwhelming more people preferred going online to shop for both small and large consumer electronic products.

Why People Have Problems with Retailers

Many individuals prefer shopping online because they have less than favorable opinions or experiences with big name stores selling electronics. The national chain stores have problems with the sales staff in the electronic departments. They don’t seem to be trained well and often are unable to give shoppers information in a low-pressure way. It just seems to be a staff college students working part-time for extra money trying to sell high-end electronics to consumers. And frankly they are not good at sales or electronics.

Most people are generally willing to spend more for consumer electronic products when they get well-informed one on one service they want. This is why shopping online is getting better marks than the big retailers in customer satisfaction.

Advice When Buying Large Electronics Online

A few tips will make your experience with buying large electronics online even better. No matter what website you go to take time to read both customer as well as professional reviews. Some of the customer reviews are very revealing not only about the product but also the service offered on the website. People seem to be much more open and honest about their opinions and reviews when they are offered the anonymity of the internet.

Return Policies

Prior to buying anything online, it is best to check the website’s return policy. They will vary greatly from website to website. Usually except for computers, there is no time limit for bring some things back and some big name stores will ever let you return items to their local stores which saves on shipping for you.
On the other hand, some websites have very limited return policies. Once you open the box they will not take it back. So it is vital to read the return policies before buying electronic products online.

Also always remember most retailers both online and off will charge people a restocking fee sometimes up to 20% if the item has been open unless it is a defective product.

Rebates

These are often a real pain but they are part of shopping especially if you want to get the best price possible. Several of the big box stores will allow you to apply for rebates online by just filling out a form – no hassle whatsoever.

Extended warranties

In one word – “no” – as they are not a good return on your investment while doing online shopping. They are a great waste of money due to the fact that most of today’s products are very reliable so extended warranties in very few cases pay off for you.

There is one exception and that is rear-projection micro display TVs. You need to consider a warranty that is extended when buying one of these due to the fact that the repair rate is about 3 times more than a flat panel TVs. Better yet use a credit card that doubles the manufacturer’s warranty at no extra charge.